Exploring the Connection Between ADHD, Perimenopause, and Alzheimer's Disease

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Perimenopause, and Alzheimer's disease may seem unrelated at first glance. Yet, emerging research suggests a complex link between these conditions, especially involving the brain’s response to hormonal changes and nutrient deficiencies.

Understanding this connection can help women better manage cognitive health during midlife and beyond.

How Oestrogen Loss Affects the Brain

Perimenopause marks the transition of a women moving into her next phase of life, when her oestrogen and progesterone hormones, begin to decline. Oestrogen plays a crucial role in brain function, influencing memory, mood, and cognitive processing. As oestrogen drops, many women experience symptoms such as brain fog, forgetfulness, and difficulty concentrating.

This hormonal shift impacts areas of the brain responsible for attention and executive function. The loss of oestrogen can reduce the brain’s ability to regulate neurotransmitters and protect neurons, making it more vulnerable to cognitive decline. This vulnerability may increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.

ADHD and Brain Nutrient Deficiencies

People with ADHD often have underlying brain nutrient deficiencies that affect neurotransmitter balance and brain metabolism. For example, deficiencies in omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, iron and zinc, can impair attention, memory, and emotional regulation. Constant loss of brain nutrient factors over a lifetime, as seen in ADHD, has been linked to a nearly 3 time higher risk for developing Alzheimer's disease, than those without ADHD.

When women with ADHD enter perimenopause, the combined effect of oestrogen loss and existing nutrient gaps can worsen cognitive symptoms. The brain’s reduced capacity to compensate for these changes may lead to increased forgetfulness, difficulty focusing, and heightened anxiety or mood swings.

The Potential Link to Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease involves progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Research indicates that hormonal changes during perimenopause may accelerate brain aging and increase Alzheimer’s risk. Women with ADHD might face an added challenge because their brains already operate with less optimal nutrient support.

Studies suggest that oestrogen helps maintain synaptic connections and reduces inflammation in the brain. Without sufficient oestrogen, these protective effects are weakened. Combined with a reduced ability to utilise dopamine in the pre frontal cortex (ADHD), we have a perfect storm that contributes to earlier or more severe cognitive decline.

Practical Steps to Support Brain Health

Women with ADHD approaching or experiencing perimenopause can take several steps to support their brain health:

• Nutrient-rich diet: Focus on foods high in omega-3s (like fatty fish), magnesium (nuts and seeds), and antioxidants (fruits and vegetables).

• Regular exercise: Physical activity improves blood flow to the brain and supports cognitive function.

• Stress management: Techniques such as mindfulness or yoga can reduce inflammation and improve mental clarity.

• Hormonal interventions: Improve hormone balance through herbal medicine, nutrition, or hormone replacement therapy.

• Cognitive training: Engage in brain exercises that challenge memory and attention to strengthen neural pathways.

  
  

Looking Ahead

Recognising the connection between ADHD, perimenopause, and Alzheimer’s disease highlights the importance of early intervention and personalised care. Women experiencing cognitive changes during midlife should consider more than just hormonal support. Treating the many underlying causes of the many symptoms displayed during this time, is required for optimum health and provides a preventative approach.

Staying informed and proactive can empower women to maintain mental sharpness and quality of life as they age.